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Research Article

Policy Implications of Revision of EU Emissions Trading System and Introduction of Carbon Border Adjustment System

EU 배출권거래제 개정과 탄소국경조정제 도입의 정책적 함의

Insung Son1
,
Dong Koo Kim2*
손 인성1
,
김 동구2*
1Research Fellow, Climate Policy Research Team, Korea Energy Economics Institute
2Assistant Professor, Division of International Trade and Economics, National Korea Maritime & Ocean University
1에너지경제연구원 기후변화정책연구팀 연구위원
2한국해양대학교 국제무역경제학부 조교수
*Corresponding Author
31 March 2023. pp. 101-133
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Abstract

This study analyzed the impact of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) revision on Korean exporters through the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), focusing on the policy implications. The EU Commission proposed expanding the scope of the EU ETS to maritime transport, road transport and building sectors. This means that the scope of calculating the embedded emissions of CBAM target items is likely to expand to emissions from the transportation and service industries. Next, the EU Commission proposed a reduction in the total emission allowances and an increase in the linear reduction factor. This implies that the increase in the CBAM certificate price linked to the EU ETS auction price will increase the CBAM burden of Korean exporters. Meanwhile, with the introduction of the CBAM factor and the upward revision of the benchmark annual maximum reduction rate, the free allocation for CBAM target sectors in the EU ETS will gradually decrease. If this happens, the burden on Korean exporters will gradually increase. For EU CBAM, it is necessary to prepare for the fulfillment of the obligation to report information in the short term. In the long term, the fundamental response is to shift to low-carbon production through development and investment in GHG abatement technologies. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively utilize the auction revenues from the Korea Emissions Trading Scheme (K-ETS) by focusing on technology development and investment in industries subject to K-ETS and CBAM.

Keywords
Emissions Trading System
EU ETS
Carbon Border Adjustment
CBAM
Climate Change Response

본 연구는 EU 배출권거래제(EU ETS) 개정이 탄소국경조정제(CBAM)를 통해 국내 수출기업에 미칠 영향을 정책적 함의를 중심으로 분석했다. EU집행위는 EU ETS 대상 범위를 해상운송, 도로수송, 건물 부문까지 확대할 것을 제안했다. 이는 향후 CBAM 대상 품목의 내재배출량 산정 범위가 수송･서비스업의 배출량까지 확대될 가능성이 있다는 것을 의미한다. 다음으로 EU집행위는 배출허용총량 축소와 선형감축계수 상향을 제안했다. 이는 향후 EU ETS 경매가격과 연동된 CBAM 인증서 가격의 상승으로 국내 수출기업의 CBAM 부담도 증가할 수 있음을 시사한다. 한편, CBAM 계수 도입과 벤치마크 연 최대 감소율 상향으로 CBAM 대상 업종의 무상할당량이 점차 감소할 것이다. 이렇게 되면, CBAM 인증서 제출량이 증가해 국내 수출기업의 부담도 점차 증가할 것이다. EU CBAM에 대해 단기적으로는 정보 보고의무 이행을 위한 대비가 필요하다. 장기적으로는 감축기술 개발과 투자를 통해 저탄소 생산으로 전환하는 것이 근본대책이다. 따라서 국내 배출권거래제(K-ETS) 경매수익을 K-ETS와 CBAM 대상 업종의 기술개발 및 투자에 집중해 효과적으로 활용할 필요가 있다.

키워드
배출권거래제
EU ETS
탄소국경조정
CBAM
기후변화 대응
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Information
  • Publisher :Korea Energy Economic Institute·Korea Resource Economics Association
  • Publisher(Ko) :에너지경제연구원·한국자원경제학회
  • Journal Title :Korean Energy Economic Review
  • Journal Title(Ko) :에너지경제연구
  • Volume : 22
  • No :1
  • Pages :101-133
  • Received Date : 2023-02-06
  • Revised Date : 2023-02-26
  • Accepted Date : 2023-02-27
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.22794/keer.2023.22.1.005
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